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In this article I share how you can upgrade the firmware and also upload a codeplug to the Tytera MD380/MD390 on Mac OS (or Linux) with VirtualBox.
- I also own the TYT TH-8600 VHF/UHF Mini Mobile (weather proof) and it also exhibits quality in the build & functionality. TYT indeed builds quality products. However, TYT really needs to get its act together in their product documentation and programming software (for ALL product models).
- RT Systems RPS-UV8000D Programming software makes it easy to manage memory channel information and other menu settings of the TYT TH-UV8000D, TH-UV8000E, and TH-UV8000SE radios. Click here for more Information.
- We carry programming cables and software for many brands and models of two way radios at great prices, including Baofeng, Hytera, Icom, Midland, Motorola, Olympia, Ritron, Wouxun, TYT, and Vertex Standard!
This guide should work with the following radios with or without GPS:
- Tytera/TYT MD380
- Tytera/TYT MD390
- Retevis RT3
- Retevis RT8
Although the focus is on Mac OS, thanks to VirtualBox it should also work on Linux. Please note that this guide is based on my personal tests with the TYT MD390 GPS and comes with absolutely no warranty.
The challenge: Tytera data cable and USB driver problems
I recently received my Tytera MD390 in the mail straight from Shenzhen, China. I am using a Macbook with Mac OS and that makes it challenging to get Tyteras programming software CPS to run, which is a Windows application.
At first I thought I could simply install Windows 10 on a virtual machine on my Macbook and just upgrade the firmware and upload the codeplug from there. However, I never got it to work.
Therefore had to find a workaround solution:
- We will be using Tytera’s original CPS software to program the codeplug and setup the channels, contacts and all settings for the radio.
- Then we will upload this codeplug via a Linux virtual machine.
- In addition, we will upgrade the firmware of the MD380 or MD390 GPS.
Do you have the right USB cable?
When I first wrote in several web forums telling about my problems with the data cable and USB drivers, I got a reply that my Tytera MD 390 probably came with the wrong cable. Reportedly, a batch of the radios had been shipped with the wrong cable a month earlier.
To find out whether you got the right cable do the following:
- Unplug the cable from the radio (i.e. the radio is NOT connected to the cable) and plug the USB cable into your Macbook.
- Go to Applications -> Utilities -> System Information. Under “Hardware” find the “USB” menu. If you now see any USB device related to your radio, you have the wrong cable.
Why is that so? The right cable is a purely passive cable, the logic is in the radio. That means when the radio is not connected, it should not show up in the hardware list (or device manager on Windows). You have the right cable when a USB device shows up and the radio is switched on.
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In my case, I had the right cable. When I turned the radio on, it showed up as “AnyRoad Technology Digital Radio in USB mode” in the hardware list.
I installed Windows 10 on a virtual machine, installed the driver from Tytera and the device showed up as “STM device in DFU mode” in the Windows device manager. I also installed Tyteras CPS application.
Still, I could not get it to work. The Tytera CPS application would not “read” or “write” from the radio. I tried many different things, uninstalled and reinstalled the driver, but could not get it to work. If you have any idea, please comment on this post.
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Therefore I needed to find a workaround: I created my codeplug on the Windows virtual machine with the original Tytera software. Then I would upload the codeplug via Linux (also on a virtual machine) to my Tytera MD390 GPS.
Here’s the step-by-step guide:
Part 1: Upgrading the TYT MD380 / MD390 firmware
In this part, we will upgrade the firmware with a customized version specially made for amateur radio use. This firmware is called md380tools and has, compared to the original TYT firmware, some additional features that are handy for ham radio use.
The md380 tools run natively on Linux, which can be a bit tricky and time consuming to set up. That’s why Warren Merkel, KD4Z, created a ready-made VirtualBox image called md380tools-vm.
To upgrade the firmware, follow these steps:
- Follow the instructions for md380tools-vm that is given in the PDF up to and including “Step 5: Import the virtual appliance image file“. Do not start with step 6 just yet.
The PDF with installation instructions can be found on the projects website. Scroll down to after the file list, the PDF is the second link: https://github.com/KD4Z/md380tools-vm - Connect your radio to the Macbook and switch it on.
- After you installed Oracle VirtualBox and imported the appliance with the md380tools-vm, right click on the “tyt” image and select “Settings”. In the settings dialogue, go to “Ports” and the “USB”. In the lower part, click on the USB stick icon with the “+”-sign. Your radio should now show up as “Digital Radio in USB mode” (after you upgraded the firmware it will show up as “Patched MD380” like on the screenshot below).Select it, it will be added to the USB filter list. This filter list makes sure your USB device gets passed on to the virtual machine. Click “ok” to exit the dialogue.
- Now you have to put your radio into a special mode so that the firmware upgrade can be written. To do this, switch it off first. Wait 5 seconds. When you switch it on, hold the PTT-button and the upper button pressed. The radio will boot up, but you will only see the LED light flashing red and green. Your radio is now ready to get the new firmware.
- Start the “tyt” virtual machine.
- Follow now the instructions from “Step 6 – Start the VM” and “Step 7: Verify networking is working” from the PDF.
- Once all looks good, we can start the flashing of the firmware. Depending on your type of radio (it comes either with or without GPS) you have to use different commands.
For the TYT MD390 GPS (with GPS) do the following (for other models see the PDF): - Enter “glv” and press enter. That will download and compile the latest version of the firmware. Check whether everything runs smoothly.
- Once it is finished, run “flashgps“. This command will actually write the firmware onto your radio. Ensure that you don’t touch you radio during this process. After about a minute or two, it should be finished. Wait until it is completed, and the turn your radio off.
- Wait 5 seconds. Turn your radio on again. This time, it should boot with the new firmware and should start into normal mode. Now run “flashdb” which will write an updated user database onto your radio. This process takes about 3 minutes. After it is completed, switch off your radio and you can follow the instructions under “Fun Times” in the PDF if you like (not necessary though).
Now part 1 is finished, your data cable is working and you have upgraded the firmware on your Tytera radio! The tool should also be able to write the original firmware back if needed, however this I haven’t tried yet)
Part 2: Setting up a Windows image on VirtualBox
In the second part, we will set up a Windows installation in VirtualBox and install Tytera’s CPS software. With this software, we will be able configure the MD380 / MD390 and set up channels and contacts.
Prerequisite: You need a Windows installation image in ISO format that you can get from Microsoft and a valid product key.
I will only describe the most important steps, let me know if something is unclear.
- Start VirtualBox, click “New“. Enter a name, like “Windows 10“, select the right type and version of Windows and click “continue“.
- Adjust the RAM memory, 4 GB would be good if you have it. Click “continue“.
- Select “Create a virtual hard disk now“. Click “continue“.
- Select “VDI“, click “continue“. Then select “Dynamically allocated“. Select a file location. Then click “create“.
- Now, the new virtual machine shows up in the list. Right click on it, and select “Settings“. Go to “Storage” and click on the CD-ROM icon that says “empty” on the left side. Then, on the right side, click on the CD icon and select “Choose virtual optical disk file“. Now select a Windows installation ISO file that you can get from Microsoft. Then click “ok“.
- In the main window, select your Windows image and click “start“. Follow the regular Windows installation process.
- Once Windows is installed, and running in the VirtualBox window, click in the top menu (on Mac OS) on “Devices” and select “Insert Guest Additions CD image“. Then install the guest additions on Windows. They will improve the graphics and overall functioning of your system. Windows should be working normally now.
- Download and install the Tytera CPS software from the download section of the Tytera website. Make sure you download the right version for your model (with or without GPS). There are also other websites that offer the Tytera software to download.
You should now have a working Windows image running on VirtualBox with the Tytera software installed.
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Part 3: Creating and uploading a codeplug to your Tytera TYT MD380 / MD 390
Now you can open Tytera’s CPS software on the Windows image and create your own codeplug or use an existing one as a basis. Here is a good guide for this. Skip down to “Program in DMR ID” on the page.
Once your codeplug is ready, we can start to upload it to the radio. In my case, it did not work via Windows. (Though, you can try to connect your radio to the Windows virtual machine. If it works for you, please let me know.)
As a workaround, we can upload the codeplug via the Linux image used in Part 1. Here are the steps:
- Save the codeplug on a USB stick that is formatted with FAT32 and call it codeplug1.rdt Once done, remove the USB stick.
- Shutdown the Windows virtual machine.
- Start the tyt virtual machine with the md380 tools on it and wait until it booted up.
- Plug in the USB stick. You should now get an “error message” on Linux, which is actually good because it tells you the name of the USB stick in Linux.
It says something like “[sdb] No caching mode page found.” (see screenshot below)
sdb is the location of the USB stick, memorize it for a later step.
(If your USB stick does not show up, click on the USB icon beneath the window and select the USB stick. Alternatively, set up a filter for the USB stick similar to the filter for the radio in part 1). - Switch to root. Root is the administrator under Linux. Do this by entering “su“. Enter the password which is “tyt“.
- Now mount the USB stick, which will make it accessible on Linux. First create a directory for the USB stick. Run “mkdir /media/usb“. Then run the following command: “mount -t vfat /dev/sdb /media/usb“. Use the sdb from step 4. It could also be sdc or sdd and so on.
- Now the contents of the USB stick are located under /media/usb and you can copy the codeplug to the home folder. Do this by running “cp /media/usb/codeplug1.rdt /home/tyt“.
- Switch to the md380tools directory by running “cd /home/tyt/md380tools“.
- Run “umount /media/usb” to unmount the USB stick. Remove it afterwards.
- Now, connect the radio to the virtual machine and switch it on in normal mode. Check by clicking on the USB icon whether the radio has the “checkmark”. That means it can be seen by the virtual machine.
- Now we write the codeplug on to the radio. That is done by the command “./md380-dfu write /home/tyt/codeplug1.rdt“. After a few seconds, the codeplug is on your radio. Switch off the radio. Done!
Wrapping up
You should now have a working radio with the latest custom firmware and the codeplug of your choice. If you make changes to your codeplug, just rerun the steps from part 3.
If you need help, comment on the post below or check the following resources:
- Facebook group TYT MD-380 Tools: A great group where I was helped a lot!
- Facebook group DMR Digital Mobile Radio: A group for general questions about DMR.
- Yahoo mailing list TYT-Tytera MD380 Users Group
- Google group MD380 tools.
Good luck and 73!
This radio was brought to market by TYT in Feb. of 2017, and is targeted toward the same user group that would be considering the TH-UV8200D (except, at the moment, those requiring Cross-Band repeater capability). It uses the same waterproof body as the MD-390, and therefore the same accessories. It expands the channels to 256, and has a color display. Although there will be GPS and maybe dual band options in future models, these early release units do not sport those features.
We have done some preliminary field testing and like the radio, it looks like it will become popular with recreational users and aspiring guides who cannot afford the extra expense, or do not need the advanced features, of the digital big brother, the MD-390 GPS. And like that radio, do not consider using the stock VHF antennas above 155 MHz, or in rugged field conditions encountered by guides or AT Skiers.
For programming, there is the free OEM software available. This radio can be programmed with the same USB cable that is used by other Chinese radios that use the Prolific, FTDI, or Sil Labs chipsets. The software is presently 'Ver 1.0', and it is rudimentary but gets the job done.
This below clip illustrates some of the VHF characteristics of the TYT UV8200 10W water resistant dual band radio by performing a series of field and bench tests after demonstrating Ver 1.0 of the stock programming software.
Timeline:
0-5:00 Intro, overview, and specifications
5:01-10:30 Software Programming
10:1-12:50 Features discussion
12:51-22:00 Field Tests of simplex signal propagation
22:01-27:45 Bench tests, stock vs tuned antenna comparisons, forward power output, reflected power, standing wave, etc
27:46-29:53 Ending credits and pack horses doing the heavy lifting.
Ordering: Order Form Link
In Dec 2017 we received a note from a guide who felt our criticism of the Icom F1000t was unjustified. He pointed out that he 'trusted' Icom, and therefore, implicity trusted the quality of the antenna that we criticised in spite of the fact he had not had the opportunity to subject the antenna to a proper bench or field test. He was under the misimpression that Chinese manufactured radios do not carry certification, and therefore are not suitable for use by members of a professional organization. We have offered to bench test his antenna for him, and clarified a few salient points to shed some light on some prevalent urban myths this communication from him seems to support:
Many radios from China have for years been sneaking into North America by flying under the radar via mail orders direct from China (yes, Amazon sellers can ship directly from China). But when a North American radio dealer buys a shipment of radios from China, the MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) is typically 100 pieces. If you are stocking 3 models, that is 300 radios. They do not fly under the radar via your local post office, they arrive at a specified border clearing point for clearance. If any one of those models does not have FCC certification, they are sent back to their origin, and the buyer is out of luck. Not many dealers are willing to risk $10,000 or more as a gamble in the hope they can sneak an uncertified radio through the back door. Another fact that is not widely known about how to assess the compliance of radios that have been approved in the USA for use in Canada. One of the reasons so many dealers have been able to sell the US Type approved models relates to a clause under Canadian Legislation which states:
'FCC Standards - Industry Canada wants to reduce the burden on manufacturers and importers and to expedite the process of certification in Canada. As a result, the Department will accept reports that show equipment complies with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards.'
It is often said 'Opinions are like a**holes, everyone has one'. That sentiment seems to reign prolifically on many amateur radio user forums, especially when it comes to Trolls casting shade on offshore radios. Before you consider feeding the Troll, consider the fact that many of us in North America forget that most countries in Central and S.E. Asia, and many others in other parts of the world, as well as people in possession of MARS/CAP status, are not restricted by the same laws that we are. Hopefully this can help shed some light on what is agreeably a very confusing topic which is more so by virtue of being jurisdictionally dependant withal.
All the radios on our website carry FCC Type approval.
For more information on the FCC documentation, including the certification and test reports for the model on this page, click this link. To download your own copy of any of the reports listed there right click on it and choose 'save attachment as'. If the link is not working feel free to send us an email requesting a copy of the report. :
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This demonstration shows the steps required for programming a repeater channel on the TYT UV-8200 from the front panel.
Timeline:
00:30 Cable types required
01:30 Information Required for repeater
02:30 Calculating Offset
03:20 Getting required menu numbers from the manual
03:35 VFO and MR modes defined
04:00 How to toggle between VFO/MR modes
04:15 Enter Rx frequency
04:45 Enter other settings: Offset, Wide/Narrow, and Tone Code
07:30 Entering an encode tone
09:45 Selecting Wide or Narrow Band
11:30 Creating a memory channel from VFO channel
13:35 Gap in video due to editing error, no video until 14:10
14:10 Discussion of some other settings that that are outlined in manual.
16:08 End